脑缺血再灌注损伤及其星形胶质细胞相关机制研究进展

Research Progress of Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Its Mechanisms Related to Astrocytes

脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制尚未完全阐明,炎症反应、氧化应激、兴奋性氨基酸毒性、细胞内钙超载、能量代谢障碍和细胞凋亡等多方面机制互相影响、错综复杂。星形胶质细胞广泛分布于神经元之间,起支持、分隔、调控等作用,对神经系统具有重要功能,如吸收突触外的谷氨酸,调节K+体内平衡,缓冲活性氧过多产生等。该文通过综述近年来脑缺血再灌注损伤中有关星形胶质细胞的机制研究,为以星形胶质细胞为调控靶点改善脑缺血再灌注损伤的研究提供依据和新思路。

The mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been fully elucidated,and various mechanisms are mutually influential and complicated,such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress,excitatory amino acid toxicity,intracellular calcium overload,energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis and so on. Astrocytes widely distributed between neurons,can support,separate,and regulate neurons. And they have important functions on the nervous system,such as absorbing glutamate outside the synapse,regulating K+ homeostasis,and buffering excessive production of reactive oxygen species. In this paper,we review the mechanism of astrocytes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in recent years,and provide a basis and new ideas for the study of astrocytes as a target to improve cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury.