2017年北京市房山区35岁及以上居民心血管病相关危险因素分布及风险评估

Distribution of risk factors and overall risk assessment of cardiovascular disease among residents over 35 years of age in Fangshan of Beijing, 2017

目的了解北京市房山区35岁及以上居民心血管病相关危险因素分布及发病风险分层情况,为今后心血管病防治工作提供科学依据。方法利用房山区2017年的成人慢性病及其危险因素监测数据。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,共调查18~79岁成年人群4 835人,抽取≥35岁调查对象3 216人,进行血压、血脂、吸烟及糖尿病等心血管病相关危险因素分布情况分析。采用《中国心血管病预防指南(2017)》中10年动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(ASCVD)风险评估流程及中危人群的ASCVD余生风险评估方法进行风险评估及风险分层。结果房山区35岁及以上居民心血管病相关主要危险因素高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、吸烟和肥胖,人群暴露率和暴露水平均高,多呈现男性高于女性,随年龄增长而上升的趋势。ASCVD10年发病风险等级为极高危者占6.37%,高危占21.33%,中危占11.47%,低危人群占60.82%。结论房山区35岁及以上居民心血管病危险因素暴露率和暴露水平较高,呈现男性高于女性,随年龄增加而上升的趋势。风险评估高危和极高危人群比例达到了27.70%,以男性、较高年龄和低学历为主,应作为防控的重点人群。

Objective To understand the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and risk stratification among residents over 35 years old in Fangshan district of Beijing,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future. Methods The monitoring data of adult chronic diseases and risk factors in Fangshan district of Beijing in 2017 were used. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 4 835 adults aged 18-79 and 3 216 adults aged over 35. The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure,blood lipids,smoking and diabetes mellitus was analyzed. The 10 - year risk assessment process of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD) and the remaining risk assessment method of ASCVD in the middle-risk population provided by the Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in China ( 2017) were used for risk assessment and risk stratification. Results The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in residents aged 35 and over in Fangshan district are hypertension,dyslipidemia, diabetes,smoking and obesity. The exposure rate and exposure level of the population are higher,which is more common in men than in women and increases with age. The age-related risk of ASCVD was 6. 37%,the high risk was 21. 33%,the intermediate risk was 11. 47%,and the low risk group was 60. 82%. Conclusions The exposure rate and exposure level of major risk factors related to cardiovascular disease in residents aged 35 and over in Fangshan district were high. The proportion of high-risk and extremely high-risk groups in risk assessment reached 27. 70%,with male,older and low-education as the main population,and also a key group for cardiovascular disease prevention and control.