2014年北京市朝阳区社区老年人跌倒现状及危险因素研究

Analysis on falls and related risk factors among the elderly in communities of Chaoyang,Beijing, 2014

目的了解北京市朝阳区社区老年人跌倒的发生特点,分析影响跌倒的危险因素,为老年人预防跌倒工作提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机的方法在朝阳区抽取平房社区和楼房社区各10个,在每个社区招募符合条件的60岁及以上老年人并进行问卷调查。结果朝阳区社区老年人跌倒发生率为13.1%,男性是跌倒的保护因素(OR=0.682)。70~79岁(OR=1.508)、神经系统疾病(OR=1.961)、眩晕症(OR=1.517)、服用神经松弛剂(OR=2.741)、躯体感觉下降(OR=1.790~3.989)和心情不佳(OR=1.129)是跌倒的危险因素。结论预防老年人跌倒除减少家居危险因素,还应重点干预有神经系统疾病、眩晕症的老人,尤其是老年女性,同时要关注老人的心理健康。

Objective To understand the characteristics and patterns of falls among the elderly people in Chaoyang district,analyze the related risk factors and provide reference for preventing the elderly from falling. Methods Stratified cluster random method was used to select 10 bungalow communities and 10 high-rise communities in Chaoyang district. Qualified elderly aged 60 years old and above in each community were recruited and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Results One-year incidence rate of falls among the elderly was 13. 1%. Male( OR= 0. 682) was a protective factor for falls,70-79 years old( OR= 1. 508),nervous system disease( OR = 1. 961),vertigo ( OR = 1. 517),taking nerve relaxant( OR = 2. 741),somatosensory decline( OR= 1. 790-3. 989),bad mood ( OR = 1. 129) were risk factors of falls. Conclusions In addition to reducing household risk factors,prevention of falls in the elderly should focus on the intervention in the elderly with neurological diseases,vertigo and pay attention to their mental health,especially for elderly women.