蘑菇渣腐熟微生物组方研究

Study on microbiological formula of spent mushroom compost

为实现蘑菇渣的资源化利用,采用7种常见腐熟微生物菌株,研究了不同微生物复配对蘑菇渣腐熟效果的影响。结果表明:处理组T14(蜡状芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、多黏类芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉和黑曲霉)与其他处理组相比具有更好的腐熟效果,发酵堆体温度最高达到63 ℃,≥55 ℃持续时间长达12 d,有效活菌数达0.26亿cfu·g^-1,均优于其他处理,pH值和色泽也达要求;腐熟后氮、磷、钾总养分均有显著提高,其中全氮含量提高了36%,达到21.1 g·kg^-1;全磷(P2O5)含量提高了66%,达到10.1 g·kg^-1;全钾(K2O)含量提高了38%,达到25.9 g·kg^-1;有机质降解后含量降至585.4 g·kg^-1。植物种子萌发与生长试验表明,高羊茅和黑麦草的种子发芽指数(GI)均大于0.85,分别为1.21、1.14,高羊茅的茎长和地上鲜质量分别增加了24.4%和29.3%,黑麦草的茎长和地上鲜质量分别增加了33.3%和36.8%。蘑菇渣堆肥产品养分含量满足国家标准要求,能显著促进植物生长,是一种前景广阔的新兴有机肥产品,具有巨大的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。

In order to realize the recycling use of spend mushroom compost, the experiment of 7 common decomposition microorganisms mixtures on the mushroom residue maturity were conducted in this study. The results showed that the group T14 which included Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megatrium, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma viride, and Asprgillus niger had a better decomposition effect than others. There had three advantage about T14:The duration over 55 ℃ were 12 days, the number of live bacteria could reach 2.6×107 cfu·g^-1 and the pH value and color could be also qualified. There was a significant improvement about the nutrient contents after matured. The contents of TN ,TP ,TK were 21.1, 10.1 g·kg^-1 and 25.9 g·kg^-1 whichincreased 36%, 66%, and 38% respectively.The organic matter content reduced to 585.4 g·kg^-1 after degradation;The results of seed germination and growth test stated that the germination index (GI)of tall fescue seed and perennial ryegrass seed were 1.21 and 1.14, respectively(>0.85). The stem length and the fresh weight of tall fescue and the perennial ryegrass were increased 24.4%, 29.3% and 33.3%, 36.8%, respectively.The nutrient content of the spent mushroom compost met the requirements of national standards, and significantly promoted plant growth. It was a promising organic fertilizer which had great application value and broad market prospects.