作为诗人的军事家与作为军事家的诗人——项羽与杜牧之比较

The Strategist as the Poet and the Poet as the Strategist: A Comparison between Xiang Yu and Du Mu

杜牧眼中的项羽,并非等同于其他一般历史人物,有着他对楚霸王独特的理解、认同以及感情的倾注。杜牧之所以对项羽有如此高的评价,完全因为二人具有相似的出身、志向、禀性,以及大致相同的时代背景。杜牧不仅是一位杰出诗人,而且有着挥之不去的兵家情结;项羽则实具有浓郁的诗人气质,他短暂辉煌的一生,本身就是一首动人的诗。项羽的失败,最终在于文化学养的缺失,从他拒绝读书开始,就注定了失败的必然结局。推而论之,古今中外,从项羽、曹操,到左宗棠、毛泽东,从法国的拿破仑,再到英伦的丘吉尔等,有众多的集天才诗人与军事家于一身的历史人物和事例,这是一种颇有趣味的文化现象,也值得深思和探讨。

In Du Mu’s eyes,Xiang Yu was not the same as other general historical figures.He had his unique understanding,identification and emotional bet on the overlord of Chu.Du Mu had such a high expectation of Xiang Yu because they had similar origin,ambition,temperament,and roughly the same background of the times.Du Mu was not only an outstanding poet,but also had a lingering military complex;Xiang Yu had a strong poetry temperament,and his short and brilliant life was a moving poem.Xiang Yu’s failure ultimately lay in the lack of cultural literacy.Since he refused to study,it was doomed to the inevitable outcome of his failure.In other words,there are many historical figures and examples of talented poets and militarists at home and abroad,from Xiang Yu and Cao Cao to Zuo Zongtang and Mao Zedong,from Napoleon in France to Churchill in England,which are interesting cultural phenomena and worth pondering and discussing.