网络宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义案件的制裁思路——对当前20个样本案例的考察

Sanctions for network advocating terrorism and extremism:Based on the investigation of the current 20 sample cases

考察目前构成宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪的20个样本案例可知,该类案件呈现出明显的犯罪手段网络化,司法规制范围模糊化与裁判尺度不统一的特点。为此,应尽快制定司法解释,科学界定本罪意涵,匡正刑法规制范围,改善打击着力点,统一裁判尺度。对网络宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义案件的司法处理,应坚持严格控制与妥善处理并重的司法理念,认真贯彻宽严相济刑事政策和基本违法事实审查判断行政去魅的基本立场。具体的制裁思路是:对宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义行为犯罪化的定性,应围绕本罪保护目的展开,重点惩治“有效宣扬”行为;定量限制应贯彻比例原则和罪责刑相适应原则;适用缓刑的实质判断关键在于对“确实不致再危害社会”的考量,除个别情形外,原则上以适用缓刑为主;手机、电脑等网络信息工具有多种用途,原则上不予没收。虽然恐怖主义犯罪不同于传统犯罪,固然要突出其预防性打击的特点,但也要恪守刑法惩治犯罪的法治底线,使处罚范围和力度符合公众预期,切忌“过度反应”。

Investigating the 20 sample cases that constitute the crime of advocating terrorism and extremism,it can be seen that such crimes have obvious characteristics of networking of criminal means,vagueness of judicial regulation scope and inconsistence of refereeing standards. Therefore,judicial interpretation should be formulated as soon as possible to scientifically define the meaning of this crime,correct the scope of criminal law regulation,improve the point of attack,and unify the refereeing scale. Judicial treatment of network advocating terrorism and extremism cases should adhere to the judicial idea of strict control and proper handling,the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy,and the basic position of administrative disenchantment of basic illegal facts judgment. The specific sanction path is that the definition of criminalization of advocating terrorism and extremism should be carried out around the protection purpose of this crime,focusing on punishing “effectively publicizing” behaviors;quantitative restriction should follow the principle of proportionality and the principle of suiting punishment to crime and responsibility;except for individual cases,in principle,probation should be applied as the main way,with the key to the substantive judgment of applying probation lying in the consideration of “does not harm the society again”;network information tools such as mobile phones and computers have many uses,and should not be confiscated in principle. Different from traditional crimes,terrorist crimes must highlight their characteristics of preventive strikes. However,the legal bottom line of criminal law in punishing crimes must also be abided by,so that the scope and intensity of punishments can be in line with public expectations,to avoid excessive reaction.