构建遗传修饰小鼠过程中外源核酸传递方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Exogenous Nucleic Acid Transferring Method in the Process of Building Genetically Modified Mouse Model

传统构建遗传修饰小鼠的方法有2种,一种是采用显微注射技术将特定核酸序列传递到小鼠受精卵或胚胎体内,另一种是将小鼠的胚胎干细胞导入到囊胚中。较为广泛应用的是采用显微注射技术将特定核酸序列传递到小鼠受精卵或胚胎体内,即核酸传递方法,该方法可以通过注射方法、转染方式及性腺组织介导进行核酸传递。综述构建遗传修饰小鼠过程中的核酸传递方法,包括原核注射、囊胚显微注射、受精卵核酸电转染、输卵管核酸电转染、精子介导的基因转移、卵巢组织注射等方法的研究进展,并对核酸传递方法的进一步利用和发展方向进行展望。

There are two traditional methods to build the genetically modified mouse model,one method is to use the microinjection to transfer specific nucleotide sequence into the fertilized eggs or embryos of mouse,while the other is to introduce the embryonic stem cells of mouse into the blastocyst.The first method,that is,nucleic acid transferring method,is widely used which can transfer the nucleic acid through injection method,transfection method and gonadal tissue mediate.The research progress of nucleic acid transferring method in the process of building genetically modified mouse model was summarized including pronucleus injection,blastocyst microinjection,the nucleic acid electrotransfection of fertilized eggs,the nucleic acid electrotransfection of oviduct,sperm-mediated gene transfer,ovarian tissue injection,etc.Then,the further usage and development direction of nucleic acid transferring method were prospected.