试论晚清时期社团组织的时代特征

Characteristics of Society Organizations in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清之际,中国进入到前所未有的社会剧变时期。随着列强入侵的加剧,外国资本主义力量在一系列不平等条约的庇护之下,伸入中国腹地,打破了持续数千年的社会状态,瓦解着古老帝国固有的社会结构。条约的内容涉及政治、经济、文化等领域,严重侵犯了中国的主权独立与领土完整。本已摇摇欲坠的清王朝一步步向外国屈服,被迫开始了对内对外开放的进程。与此同时,一批依附于资本主义经济的新型社会阶层开始出现,这当中,包括资产阶级、新型知识分子等。新的经济关系必然催生出新的社会阶层,新的社会阶层也必然开拓出新的社会组织。近代社团组织是中国社会近代化的产物,必然也反映着近代中国社会开风气、变观念、启民智、救亡图存、变法图强等时代特征。

In the late Qing Dynasty,China entered an unprecedented period of social upheaval.With the aggravation of the invasion of foreign powers,foreign capitalist forces,under the shelter of a series of unequal treaties,penetrated into the hinterland of China,broke the social state that lasted for thousands of years,and disintegrated the inherent social structure of the ancient empire.The content of the treaty covers political,economic and cultural fields and seriously violates China's sovereignty,independence and territorial integrity.The already shaky Qing Dynasty gradually yielded to foreign countries and was forced to start the process of opening up to the outside world.At the same time,a group of new social strata attached to the capitalist economy began to emerge,including the bourgeoisie,new intellectuals and so on.New economic relations would inevitably lead to new social strata,new social strata and new social organizations.Modern societies came into being at the historic moment.Associations are the product of the modernization of Chinese society,which inevitably reflects the characteristics of the times of modern Chinese society.