皖南古村落建筑外墙立面营造技艺的分析——以查济古村为例

Analysis on the Craftsmanship of the Exterior Wall Facade of the Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui Province

当今城乡的快速发展,使得现代建筑缺乏可识别性,应大力传承与发扬传统营造技艺,才有可能将传统建筑的魅力真正地赋予在现代建筑之上。而皖南古村落的建筑风貌具有较高识别性,这与它的建筑外墙立面营造密不可分。土石砖瓦的质朴、砖木石雕的精细、马头墙的韵味共同构成了皖南古村落的古典淡雅之美;材料的选择、构造的方式,再到其艺术的表现,都无不彰显着地方环境特色和文化底蕴。可见,古村落的建筑外墙立面既是物质上的体现,也饱含着非物质文化的内涵。因此,在现代建筑中运用传统的外墙立面营造法式,不仅可以增强与当地环境的联系,也可以体现人们生活方式的演进和精神文化的传承,让本土文化和风俗风貌得以长久留存。

The rapid development of urban and rural areas today makes modern architecture lack of recognizability.Only the inheritance and development of traditional construction techniques can truly give the charm of traditional architecture to modern architecture.The architectural style of the ancient villages in southern Anhui is highly recognizable,which is inseparable from the facade of its building facade.The simplicity of earth and stone bricks,the fineness of brick and wood stone carvings,and the charm of horse head walls together constitute the classical and elegant beauty of the ancient villages in southern Anhui.The choice of materials,the way of construction,and the performance of their art all highlight the local environmental characteristics and cultural heritage.It can be seen that the facade of the exterior wall of the ancient village is both a material manifestation and a connotation of intangible culture.Therefore,the use of traditional facade in modern architecture can not only enhance the connection with the local environment,but also express the evolution of people's lifestyles and the inheritance of spiritual culture,so that local culture and customs can be preserved for a long time.