美国国家公园规划体系特点及其启示——以美国红杉和国王峡谷国家公园为例

Research on the Characteristics of American National Park Planning System and Its Experience to China:The Case Study of Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks

中国国家公园体制建设已进入新时期,国家公园体制作为自然保护地的有效管理形式,其生态意义、社会意义和教育意义日渐凸显。由于中国国家公园建设起步较晚,在国家公园规划管理方法方面有待整合与深化,需要借鉴发达国家的经验教训。文章通过对美国红杉和国王峡谷国家公园的规划过程与规划内容进行实证研究,从科学研究依据、法律法规基础、规划管理政策和规划制定过程4个方面论述其规划体系的特点,并提出了国家公园规划体系构建方法,可为中国国家公园的规划管理和体制机制建设提供理论依据。

As the construction of China's national park system enters a new era, the significance of national park system is increasingly prominent. Due to the late start of China's national park construction, there are some problems in protection and utilization. It is necessary to learn from the experience and lessons of developed countries. Through the case study of Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks, it expounds the characteristics of the planning system from four aspects: the important scientific research basis, the perfect legal and regulatory basis, the coordinated planning and management policy, and the process of multiple plans. Then, it puts forward targeted and operative suggestions for the planning and management process of China's national parks. It has important reference value and theoretical significance in the planning and construction of China's national parks and the reform of institutional mechanism.