转型贫困视角下的深度贫困问题研究——以少数民族深度贫困村为例

A Study on Extreme Poverty from the Perspective of Transitional Poverty:Taking the Extreme Poverty Villages of Ethnic Minorities as Examples

有效解决深度贫困问题的前提是系统认知和深刻把握深度贫困的核心致贫机制与贫困内涵。基于相关研究和对深度贫困村的实地调查,本文提出了转型贫困的概念,因经济社会转型困境引发的贫困即为转型贫困。转型贫困是理解深度贫困的重要视角,转型贫困意味着深度贫困具有动态性、结构转型性和相对长期性的特征。实地调查发现,转型贫困至少表现为生计结构、消费结构、文化结构与社会结构转型困境所引发的贫困问题。转型贫困的本质是深度贫困村的经济社会转型无法与现代性的市场伦理与商业伦理进行有效衔接。转型贫困要求我们要针对深度贫困地区制定更有针对性的扶贫工作规划,推进深度贫困地区扶贫工作的精细化创新,以文化扶贫提升深度贫困地区劳动力的市场化程度,以公共品与公共服务供给改善推动深度贫困地区全面转型,加大深度贫困村贫困问题综合治理力度。总体上看,推进经济社会结构的转型并实现转型发展是实现深度贫困村贫困治理的关键路径。

The premise of effectively solving the problem of extreme poverty is the systematic cognition and deeply grasping of the core mechanism that leads to extreme poverty and poverty connotation of extreme poverty.Based upon relevant researches and field survey of extreme poverty villages,this paper puts forward the concept of transitional poverty,caused by the economic and social transformation.Transitional poverty,which means that extreme poverty has the characteristics of dynamics,structural transformation and relatively long-term,is an important perspective in our understanding of extreme poverty.Based on the field investigation,it is discovered that transitional poverty is closely related to the dilemma of transformation in livelihood structure,consumption structure,cultural structure and social structure.In essence,transitional poverty means that the modern transformation of extreme poverty villages cannot help establish a link between the market ethics and commercial ethics.From the perspective of transition poverty,we need to formulate more targeted poverty alleviation work plan and fine-tuning innovative work,to promote the marketization degree of the labor force through cultural poverty alleviation,to take more comprehensive measures to improve poverty alleviation work,to produce better public services to promote overall transformation of extreme poverty areas.In general,promoting the transformations of economic and social instruction and achieving transitional development is the key path to help extreme poverty areas.