清康熙雍正时期川藏道汛塘与粮台的设置及其特点

The Establishment of Xuntang 汛塘 and Liangtai 粮台 on the Sichuan-Tibet Route in Kangxi 康熙 and Yongzheng 雍正 Periods of the Qing Dynasty and Its Characteristics

清康熙末年及雍正时期在川藏道上设置汛塘、粮台是清治藏战略实施中的一项重大行动,既有力地保证了这一时期清中央政府几次用兵西藏及加强西藏治理之需,又为之后此道的长期运行与管理奠定了重要基础。这一时期川藏道汛塘、粮台的设置有其历史背景,具体实施也有一过程,并呈现出几个值得注意的特点。康熙末年至雍正时期川藏道上设置汛塘、粮台不仅仅是保障内地与西藏的人员往来、信息传递,还具有多方面的性质与职能,对清中央政府之后治理西藏与康区沿途地区均有重要意义。清代早期西藏地方志对这一时期川藏道上汛塘、粮台的设置有较多记载,有重要史料价值。

The establishment of Xuntang(lower-level military base in the Qing dynasty)and Liangtai(local institute for army’s supplement in the Qing dynasty)on the Sichuan-Tibet route in the late Kangxi and Yongzheng periods of the Qing dynasty was an important part of the strategies that the Qing employed to govern Tibet,which not only effectively supplied the Qing’s military activities and strengthened the governance to Tibet,but also laid a solid foundation for the long-term operation and management of the Sichuan-Tibet route after the war.Xuntang and Liangtai on Sichuan-Tibet route were established on a special historical background and it took several years to complete it.Its establishment had some notable characteristics.Except to guarantee the personnel exchanges and information transmission between the inland and Tibet,Xuntang and Liangtai had various functions,which were of great significance for the Qing Central Court’s governance of Tibet and the areas along the way of Kham.Early Local Chronicles of Tibet compiled in the Qing dynasty are valuable for researches because many records were provided related to the establishment of Xuntang and Liangtai on the Sichuan-Tibet route.