论雍正时期对西藏管理的制度化过程

On the Institutionalization of the Administration of Tibet in the Yongzheng 雍正 Emperor Period

清朝对西藏地区的管理,至雍正时期形成基本的制度体系,并影响有清一代,主要表现在行政管理上,由以往通过册封等形式实现的统治,向由清朝中央政府任命的“众噶伦”直接管理转型;在宗教管理上,实行并坚持政教分治,严格限制宗教权向世俗权力的渗透,同时尝试建立多中心的藏传佛教传承系统;在法律治理方面,通过制定《办理西藏事宜》等,初步确立《大清律》在西藏的统一适用。

The governance of Tibet by the Qing dynasty had had a basic institutional system in Yongzheng period,and the system had a lasting influence in the Qing dynasty.In administrative aspect,the governance of conferring honorific titles by the Qing court was transformed into a direct rule through appointing“bkav-blon”by the Qing central government.In religious administration,Yongzheng emperor adhered to strict separation of religion from politics and limited the penetration of religious power into secular power;meanwhile,he attempted to establish a multi-center Tibetan Buddhism inheritance system;In law administration,the unified application of the Daqinglu大清律(the Great Qing Code)in Tibet was preliminarily established through the formulation of the“Banli Xizang Shiyi”办理西藏事宜(Handling of Tibetan Affairs).