社交媒体推动政策终结的多源流分析——以武汉市取消路桥隧收费政策为例

Multiple Streams Analysis of Social Media Promoting the Policy Termination:A Case Study of the Abolition of Wuhan Road-Bridge-Tunnel Charge Policy

社交媒体的蓬勃发展不仅改变了人们的生活与沟通方式,同时也对公共政策的过程产生了深刻复杂的影响。本文运用多源流理论,探讨了社交媒体对武汉市路桥隧收费政策终结的影响。研究发现:在问题流中,社交媒体充当了政策运行效果的反馈机制,加速政策问题的曝光,同时扩大焦点事件的影响力,使其顺利打开问题之窗;在政策流中,社交媒体整合了信息资源,为利益相关者提供政策讨论的公共空间,加速政策终结方案的筛选;在政治流中,社交媒体成为公众情绪的放大器与显示器,激增的国民情绪与政府换届推动了政治窗口的打开;最终政策企业家抓住政策终结窗口开启的时机,借助社交媒体平台公开宣传政策终结建议,促使三流耦合,推动政策终结。研究认为,政府在公共政策过程中要正确认识社交媒体的作用,合理利用社交媒体实现政策终结。

The rapid development of social media has not only changed the way people live and communicate,but also has a profound and complex impact on the public policy process. Using the multiple streams theory,this article discussed the impact of social media on the road-bridge-tunnel charge policy termination in Wuhan City. The research found that in the problem flow,social media served as a feedback mechanism for the effect of the policy operation,expediting the exposure of policy issues,and at the same time expanding the influence of focus events so that it could open the window of the problem smoothly. In the policy flow,social media integrates information resources to provide stakeholders with a public space for policy discussion,and accelerate the screening of policy termination programs. In the political flow,social media has become an amplifier and display of public sentiment,and the surge of national sentiment and the change of government promote the opening of political window. Eventually,policy entrepreneurs seized the opportunity of the policy termination window,using social media platforms to openly publicize the suggestion of policy termination,impel three stream coupling and promote the end of policy. The study holds that in the process of public policy,the government should correctly understand the role of social media and make rational use of social media to achieve the policy termination.