论意义是否可发生在语言与符号之前

Discussion on Whether Meanings Can Occur Before Language and Sign

胡塞尔主张的知觉意义发生于语言表达之前,但它只属于基础阶段的意义,梅洛-庞蒂提出的身体知觉意义同样是基础性的,而且增加了含混性。海德格尔讨论的知觉,奠基于此在生存论上的领会。在他那里,知觉与领会到的意义发生于语言陈述(命题)含义之前,但从本质上说,知觉与领会到的意义与存在、话语“三而一”,即存在“道说”自身。上述哲学家的意义论,多受制于狭义的语言立场。非语言意义活动也发生在狭义的语言之前,但却不会发生在符号之前。从广义语言即符号立场出发讨论意义发生会发现,即使知觉立义不借助符号,但从真正的意义发生,即意义需获得接收、解释、交流的主体间性来说,则必需符号载体。从符号立场讨论意义的发生,既能揭示人类真实发生、运行的意义的深广度,又能有效解释人类广义语言的早期发生。

According to Husserl,perceptional meaning occurs before any language expressions,but it is a kind of meaning belonging to basic level. Perceptional meaning from body,proposed by Maurice Merleau-Ponty,is also a basic one,but adds some ambiguities. Perception,discussed by Martin Heidegger,is based on existential understanding about being of Dasein. According to his interpretation,perception and meaning understood by human occur before the meanings of any propositions and any statements which are presented by language. However,in their essences,perception and meaning understood by human,Being (or discourse) is identical. Namely,Being speaks or presents itself by itself. These opinions about meanings of the above philosophers are limited by their perspective of narrowly-defined language. Meanings created by non-language thinking come into being before meanings created by language,however,don't come into being before signs. Therefore,if a study is conducted from the perspective of generally-defined language (signs),it can be concluded that the wholeness of meanings' occurrence,which makes the inter-subjectivity necessary to meanings-receiving,meanings-interpreting,meanings-exchanging,and has to depend on the carrier of signs. In addition,a study on how meanings occur from the perspective of signs will be helpful both to explore the depth and width of meanings' occurrence and to give a better interpretation to what is the early development of human’s generally-defined languages.