贸易开放、外商直接投资与绿色全要素生产率

Trade Opening,Foreign Direct Investment and Green Total Factor Productivity

以2002—2016年我国30个省区市的数据为研究样本,基于SBM方向性距离函数的Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法测算绿色全要素生产率,选取固定效应模型实证分析贸易开放和FDI对绿色全要素生产率的影响,结果表明:贸易开放有利于促进技术进步,进而对我国绿色全要素生产率具有显著的促进作用,而FDI对我国绿色全要素生产率具有显著的抑制作用,验证了“污染避难所”假说,且这种影响存在一定的区域异质性,贸易开放对东部沿海地区绿色全要素生产率的促进作用更显著,而FDI对中西部内陆地区绿色全要素生产率的抑制作用更加明显;贸易开放与FDI的交互作用有利于绿色全要素生产率的提升,说明贸易开放和FDI的良性作用机制已形成;科技投入、物质资本水平和人力资本水平均有利于绿色全要素生产率的提升,但基础设施建设目前存在资源浪费和环境污染问题,对绿色全要素生产率具有抑制作用。

Taking the data of 30 provinces,regions and cities in China from 2002 to 2016 as the research sample,based on SBM directional distance function Malmquist-Luenberger index method to measure the green total factor productivity, this paper selects the fixed-effect model to empirically analyzes the impact of trade openness and FDI on green total factor productivity. The results show that trade opening is conducive to promoting technological progress,which in turn has a significant promoting effect on China’s green total factor productivity,while FDI has a significant inhibitory effect on China’s green total factor productivity,which verifies the hypothesis of“pollution sanctuary”. And there is regional heterogeneity in this effect,namely,trade opening has a more significant promoting effect on green total factor productivity in eastern coastal areas,while FDI has a more obvious inhibiting effect on green total factor productivity in central and western inland areas. The interaction between trade opening and FDI is conducive to the improvement of green total factor productivity,which indicates that the positive mechanism of trade opening and FDI has been formed. The input of science and technology,the level of material capital and the level of human capital are all conducive to the improvement of green total factor productivity,but there are problems of resource waste and environmental pollution in infrastructure construction,which have an inhibitory effect on green total factor productivity.