超低频声压水听器的设计仿真与测试

Design, Simulation and Test of Ultra-Low Frequency Sound Pressure Hydrophone

随着减振降噪及消声技术的发展,水声探测技术逐渐向低频段延伸。相应地,对适用于超低频频段且具有高灵敏度的水听器需求也越来越迫切。该研究基于有限元理论,对4种形式的声压水听器进行了灵敏度对比分析,构建了超低频、高灵敏度声压水听器的系统模型;通过仿真,得到了其前二阶模态,空气及水中的导纳曲线,以及声压接收灵敏度,仿真结果表明,超低频频段内,该研究设计的声压水听器在空气及水中的频响曲线平坦。基于仿真结果进行了样机制作,对所研制的实物样机进行了实验测试,测试结果表明该种声压水听器具有良好的超低频响应特性以及较高的灵敏度。通过对实物样机的测试,验证了其实用性。

With the development of vibration reduction, noise reduction and noise elimination techniques, the underwater acoustic detection technology tends to extend toward low frequency range gradually.Accordingly, the demand for hydrophones which are suitable for ultra-low frequency band and has high sensitivity becomes more and more urgent.Based on finite element theory, the sensitivity of four types of sound pressure hydrophones is analyzed and compared, and the system model of sound pressure hydrophone with ultra-low frequency and high sensitivity is constructed.By simulation, the modes of first and second order, the admittance curves in air and water and the sound pressure receiving sensitivity are obtained.The results from the simulation show that within the ultra-low frequency band, the sound pressure hydrophone we designed has even frequency response curves in air and water.Based on the simulation, a prototype of sound pressure hydrophone is developed and tested experimentally.The test results indicate that the prototype of sound pressure hydrophone has good ultra-low frequency response character and high receiving sensitivity, which has verified the practicability of the prototype.