有限理性条件下的近现代高等教育失败及其启示

Failure and Enlightenment of Higher Education under Bounded Rationality

实践和相关理论都已经证明,每个人都存在有限理性。结合对晚清以及近代高等教育的宏观微观分析,就能发现决策者的有限理性,仅仅针对一才一技一艺的高等教育设计与办学是有限条件的应急举措,难以适应复杂条件下的发展趋势与要求,注定是失败的。洋务运动中洋务学堂的开设是如此,民国前期的学区设置的失败、民国后期大学区制因其设计者的有限理性不得不遭遇失败,都说明了高等教育有限理性的失败,而有限理性导致的失败对今天的高等教育如何进行理性设计有着积极的启示。

Practice and related theories have proved that human beings are bounded rationality. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the late Qing Dynasty and modern higher education can find the bounded rationality of decision-makers. It is difficult to adapt to the development trend and requirements under complex conditions and is doomed to failure only for the design and running of higher education with one talent, one technique and one skill. In the Westernization Movement, the establishment of Westernization schools was a failure, so were the district establishment in the early period of the Republic of China and the University District System in the late period due to the bounded rationality of its designers, which had explained the failure of the bounded rationality of higher education, and had the positive enlightenment to today’s higher education how to carry on the rational design.