正念练习防止吸毒人员戒毒后复吸效果初探

An Tentative Study of the Effect of Mindfulness Practice on Preventing Drug-abuse Individuals’ Reverting to Take Drugs

目的:通过将正念理论实践于戒毒过程,探讨对正念练习防止吸毒人员戒毒后复吸的效果。方法:在戒毒所内选择较年轻、有一定文化程度且戒毒意愿强的男性吸毒人员16例,持续吸毒2~10年,没有明显的疾病,均距离释放还有12周左右时间;所有受试者同吃、同住、共同练习,由专人统一管理,在统一时间内进行自我练习;正念练习由专家讲解、引领练习,采取讲授、训练与讨论、答疑相结合;参与研究的警员与受试者一同听课、参与培训及辅导答疑;正念训练共集中训练9周;释放后采用一对一的电话随访,共随访0.7年。结果:经过9周的正念训练,93.7%(15/16)的受试者不同程度地由强制戒毒(要我戒)向有真正自我强烈戒毒欲望(我要戒)转化,睡眠质量提升,自我抑制能力增强,为重新确立自信打下良好基础;释放后截止到2019年2月,坚持受访的12人仍处在自我戒毒阶段,无1例复吸,防复吸成功率为100%。结论:正念练习对吸毒者的戒毒和防复吸有着明显的正向作用,只要方法得当,会取得非常好的效果。

Objective:To explore the effect of mindfulness practice on preventing drug-abuse individuals’ reverting to take drugs after narcotics detoxification through employing the theory of mindfulness in the practice of narcotics detoxification.Methods:16 male drug addicts, younger and well educated, strongly willed to get rid of drug addiction, were chosen from those in the institution of compulsory narcotics detoxification to practice mindfulness for giving up drugs addiction. They all had a history of 2-10 years of continous drug-taking, without diagosed disease and all with around 12 weeks away from the release. All the subjects lived and practised together, in the same board and lodging conditions and under the charge of a special person. They practised mindfulness themselves at the same time set for the subject, instructed and guided by the expert, with the integration of such methods as instruction, training exercise, discussion and question and answer. The police officers invloved in the study had classes together with the subjects and also attended the discussion, training exercises and instruction and explanation. The intensive mindfulness training lasted 9 weeks. One to one follow-up was conducted after the subjects were released, with follow-up lasting 0.7 year.Results: After 9 weeks mindfulness training, 93.7 % of the subjects(15/16) transformed from passively receiving compulsory narcotics detoxification(being forced) into a strong self-desire for getting rid of drugs(willingly), with the sleep quality and self-control improved, laying a solid foundation for re-establishing self-confidence. Up to February, 2019, 12 subjects still under the follow-up were remaining in the procedure of self-abstaining from drugs and no one had reverted to take drugs, with a 100 % success rate of prevention of reverting to take drugs.Conclusion: Mindfulness practice can bring about significant positive effect on drug addicts’ abstaining from drugs and the prevention of reverting to take drugs, and can produce a good result if pracised properly.