天津市津南区2014～2018年儿童乙型流感病原学监测分析

Epidemiological Surveillance of Children with Influenza B in Jinnan District of Tianjin from 2014 to 2018

目的分析天津市津南区2014~2018年乙型流感病原学特点,为科学防控流感提供依据。方法采集2014年4月1日~2018年3月31日哨点医院0~14岁儿童2384份流感样病例(ILI)咽拭子,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸,分析不同年度、不同性别、不同年龄段乙型流感阳性率以及乙型流感BV型、BY型检测结果和时间分布。结果共采集ILI咽拭子标本2384份,其中乙型流感阳性标本288份,总阳性率12.08%。4个监测年度检测的ILI样本乙型流感核酸阳性率分别为13.48%、17.08%、2.03%、15.61%,各年度间阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别人群各年度间乙型流感阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄段乙型流感阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中6~8岁年龄段乙型流感阳性率最高为19.93%。共288份乙型流感阳性标本,各年度间BV型和BY型流感阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);BV型和BY型流行期为每年10月至次年3月,4个监测年度出现3个流行高峰,且BV型和BY型流感交替出现。结论天津市津南区2014~2018年乙型流感呈隔年流行,BY型和BV型流感交替流行,流行期为每年10月至次年3月;6~8岁儿童是津南区乙型流感的重点防控人群,应从学校消毒、晨检、防治、宣传以及流感监测等各个方面全面加强防控工作,并加强对重点人群流感疫苗的预防接种工作,以便建立有效的免疫屏障。

Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics of influenza B in Jinnan District of Tianjin from 2014 to 2018, and to provide evidence for scientific prevention and control of influenza.Methods 2384 cases of influenza-like swabs(ILI) were collected from children aged 0-14 years at the sentinel hospital from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018. The influenza virus nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The positive rate of influenza B in different genders and age groups, as well as the BV and BY test results and time distribution of influenza B.Results A total of 2384 ILI throat swab specimens were collected, including 288 positive samples of influenza B, with a total positive rate of 12.08%. The positive rates of influenza A nucleic acid in the four monitored ILI samples were 13.48%, 17.08%, 2.03%, and 15.61%, respectively,and the positive rates were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of influenza B among different gender groups during the year(P >0.05). The positive rate of influenza B in all age groups was statistically significant(P <0.05), and the highest positive rate of influenza B in the age range of 6 to 8 years was 19.93%. A total of 288 positive samples of influenza B, the positive rate of BV and BY influenza in each year were statistically significant(P<0.05);the prevalence of BV and BY was from October to March of each year. There were 3 epidemic peaks in the 4 monitoring years, and BV and BY influenza alternated. Conclusion Influenza B is prevalent in Jinan District of Tianjin from 2014 to 2018. The BY and BV influenza are prevalent. The epidemic period is from October to March. The children aged 6-8 are the focus of influenza B in Jinnan District. The prevention and control of the population should comprehensively strengthen prevention and control work from school disinfection, morning inspection, prevention, publicity and influenza surveillance, and strengthen the vaccination of influenza vaccines for key populations in order to establish an effective immune barrier.