战后运沪日本赔偿物资的分配、接收与使用(1947—1958)

The Distribution, Reception and Use of Japan’s Compensation Materials shipped to Shanghai after the World War Ⅱ,1947-1958

二战结束以后,国民政府行政院赔偿委员会决定接收日本先期赔偿物资,并承担运输、储卸和重装等工作及费用。该会联合各部会,在经费、运力和技术等多重限制的情况下,勉强将第一批和第二批日本先期赔偿物资全部运回上海港,然而在交由各单位接收后,却无力修理、重装和使用。 1949年,国民党败局已定,便着手拆卸和转移赔偿物资,甚至毁坏无法运走的物资。随着上海解放,中共开始接管日本赔偿物资的调配、重装和使用工作%中华人民共和国政府统筹调配,有效地利用这批物资,在三年经济恢复时期集中发展纺织机械制造业,又在第一个五年计划时期壮大了钢铁冶炼和机械制造业。

After the end of World War Ⅱ, the Compensation Commission of the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government decided to accept Japanese compensation materials in advance and to bear the costs of transportation, storage, unloading and reloading. Facing multiple restrictions on funds, capacities and technologies, the Commission, with the help of concerned Ministries and Committees, reluctantly shipped all the first and second batches of Japanese compensation materials to Shanghai Port. However, after being handed over to the concerned units, they were unable to be repaired, reloaded and used. In 1949, when the Kuomintang's defeat was inevitable, it began to demolish and transfer compensation materials and even destroy materials that could not be transported away. With the liberation of Shanghai, the new established government began to take over the deployment, reloading and use of Japanese compensation materials. The government of the people’s Republic of China made overall plans and effectively used these materials to concentrate on the development of the textile machinery manufacturing industry' during the three-year economic recovery' period, and to strengthen the iron and steel smelting and machinery manufacturing industries during the first five-year plan period.