主要节水灌溉方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响

Effects of Main Water-saving Irrigation Methods on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Rice Roots

水稻是耗水第一大作物。发展节水栽培对稻田水分高效利用和缓解我国水资源短缺具有重要意义。水稻根系是吸收水分和养分的重要器官,也是多种激素、氨基酸和有机酸合成的重要部位。水分管理措施的改变会直接或间接引起根系生长发育发生改变,从而影响水稻地上部生长发育和产量形成。本文综述了干湿交替灌溉、控制灌溉和覆盖旱种对水稻根系形态和生理特性的影响,提出了今后节水灌溉下水稻根系的研究重点,以期为改善水稻根系形态生理和高产节水栽培提供理论依据。

Rice is the most water-consuming crop. The development of water-saving cultivation is of great significance for efficient utilization of water and alleviation of water shortage in China. Roots are an important part of rice plants and involved in acquisition of nutrients and water, synthesis of plant hormones, organic acids and amino acids. Water management methods could exert an influence on root growth and development directly or indirectly, as well as the growth and development of above-ground part of plants and yield formation of rice. We reviewed the effects of main water-saving irrigation methods, including alternate wetting and drying irrigation, controlled irrigation and dry cultivation, on the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots. We also put forward some research priorities on the effect of water-saving irrigation on rice roots in the future to lay a theoretical basis for improving the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots, high yielding and water saving in rice cultivation.