不同泌乳量奶牛行为学差异及其与泌乳性能的相关性

Behavioral Differences of Different Milk Yield Dairy Cows and Its Correlation with Lactation Performance

本试验旨在研究不同泌乳量奶牛的行为学差异,并分析奶牛行为学与泌乳性能的相关性。选择24头泌乳中期[(114.6±7.5)d]中国荷斯坦奶牛,平均体重为(670±24)kg,胎次为(2.6±0.4)胎,分为高产组[泌乳量(31.90±1.76)kg/d]和低产组[泌乳量(19.30±1.76)kg/d],每组12头。通过24 h视频监控系统、精准饲喂系统及计步器等,观察和统计奶牛48 h内采食(采食量、采食时间、采食次数、反刍时间、反刍次数)、饮水(饮水时间、饮水次数)、运动(躺卧时间、躺卧次数、站立/游走时间、游走步数)等参数,研究奶牛行为学与泌乳量的相关性。结果表明:1)低产组奶牛的乳蛋白率极显著高于高产组奶牛(P<0.01),低产组奶牛的乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量和乳糖率显著或极显著低于高产组奶牛(P<0.01)。2)高产组奶牛的干物质采食量、饮水时间和饮水次数显著或极显著高于低产组奶牛(P<0.05或P<0.01),高产组奶牛的游走步数极显著低于低产组奶牛(P<0.01)。3)总泌乳量与干物质采食量(r=0.829,P<0.01)、饮水时间(r=0.473,P<0.05)、饮水次数(r=0.429,P<0.05)呈正相关,而与游走步数(r=-0.574,P<0.01)呈负相关。综上所述,奶牛行为学与泌乳量之间存在相关性,这些行为的差异,可为寻找通过改变行为学提高奶牛产奶性能的方法提供理论依据。

This experiment was conducted to study the behavioral differences of different milk yield dairy cows,and to analysis the correlation of behavior and lactation performance of different milk yield dairy cows.Twenty-four mid-lactating[(114.6±7.5)d]China Holstein dairy cows with the average body weight of(670±24)kg and(2.6±0.4)parity were divided into high-yield group[milk yield was(31.90±1.76)kg/d]and low-yield group[milk yield was(19.30±1.76)kg/d],each group contained 12 cows.Through 24-hour video surveillance system,precision feeding system and pedometer,observated and statistics the feed(feed intake,feed time,intake times,ruminant time and ruminant times),drink(drink time and drink times),movement(lie time,lie times,walking/standing time and number of walking steps)within 48 hours,and to study the correlation of behavior and milk yield of dairy cows.The results showed as follows:1)the milk protein percentage of dairy cows in low-yield group was significantly higher than that of dairy cows in high-yield group(P<0.01),the milk fat yield,milk protein yield and milk lactose percentage of dairy cows in low-yield group was significantly lower than that of dairy cows in high-yield group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).2)The dry matter intake,drink time and drink times of dairy cows in high-yield group were significantly higher than those of dairy cows in low-yield group(P<0.01),and the number of walking steps of dairy cows in high-yield group was significantly lower than that of dairy cows in low-yield group(P<0.01).3)The total milk yield had positive correlation with dry matter intake(r=0.829,P<0.01),drink time(r=0.473,P<0.05)and drink times(r=0.429,P<0.05),and had negative correlation with number of walking steps(r=-0.574,P<0.01).In conclusion,there is correlation between behavior and milk yield of dairy cows,and the differences of these behaviors can provide theoretical basis knowledge for improving milk production performance of dairy cows.