微观家庭视角下信贷可得性的城乡差异研究

Research on Urban and Rural Differences in Credit Availability under Micro-family Perspective

信贷可得性的城乡差异反映了金融资源在不同地区或不同群体之间配置的不均衡。本文从微观家庭视角来研究信贷可得性的城乡差异具有重要的战略和现实意义。利用中国家庭金融调查数据,全面梳理了家庭信贷可得性的城乡差异现状,并运用因子分析法构建了家庭的社会关系指数与金融知识指数,从微观家庭层面考察了社会关系和金融知识对信贷可得性的影响。研究表明,第一,近年来我国家庭信贷可得性的城乡差异仍在不断扩大;第二,家庭社会关系和居民金融知识的差别是造成信贷可得性城乡差异加剧的重要原因;第三,改善贷款担保机制、破除信贷信息壁垒、加强金融服务网点建设是降低农村金融市场信息不对称、提高农村居民信贷可得性的重要举措。

The urban-rural differences in credit availability reflect the imbalance in the allocation of financial resources between different regions or groups. This paper has important strategic and practical significance to study the urban-rural differences in credit availability from the perspective of micro-family. Using the data of China's household finance survey, this paper sorts out the current situation of urban-rural differences in the availability of household credit, uses the factor analysis method to construct the family's social relationship index and financial knowledge index, and examines the impact of social relations and financial knowledge on credit availability from the micro-family level. The research shows that, firstly, the urban-rural differences in the availability of household credit in China are still expanding in recent years. Second, the difference between family social relations and residents' financial knowledge is an important reason for the intensification of urban-rural differences in credit availability. Third, improving the loan guarantee mechanism, breaking the barriers to credit information, and strengthening the construction of financial service outlets are important measures to reduce information asymmetry in rural financial markets and improve the availability of rural residents' credit.