应变片布置及组桥方法在工程中的应用研究

Application Research of Strain Gage Layout and Bridging Method in Engineering

为精确测试工程结构弹性体材料力学性能参数及待测点的应力状态,基于电测法原理,采取不同电阻应变片布置及组桥方法进行研究。对于平面应变问题,通过在该点单轴贴单片或布置3个不同方向的应变片,测试相应的线应变,根据应变分量之间的关系可以获得该点的应变状态。通过实例分析研究表明:对结构待测点存在对称位置时,采用单轴贴单片和1/4桥的方法测试精度高;对待测点应力梯度较大点,采用3片直角应变花和1/4桥可有效确定该点的应力状态;通过研究为该方法在工程中的应用提供一种经验借鉴。

Based on the principle of electrical measurement method,this paper studies various resistance strain gauge arrangements and bridging forms in order to measure the mechanical properties of engineering structural elastomer materials and the stress state of the tested points accurately. For the plane strain problem,the corresponding linear strain is measured by attaching a uniaxial strain gauge or arranging three strain gauges in different directions at this point,and the strain state of the point can be obtained through the relationship between the strain components. The case study shows that,when the symmetrical position of the measured structure is used,the single-axis sticking single strain gauge and 1/ 4 bridging method can obtain high precision;when the stress gradient of the measured point is larger,three right-angle strain rosette and 1/4 bridging method can effectively obtain the stress state of the point.This research provides a reference for the application of this method in engineering.