“水上牧场”的开发:蒙元时期蒙古高原渔业资源开发历史探析

Exploration and utilization of fishery resources in Mongolia plateau during the period of Meng Yuan

蒙古高原地区河湖众多,冷水鱼种丰富,具有较大的渔业潜力。蒙元政权的建立与崛起为蒙古高原地区渔业资源的开发提供了政策、市场、技术等多方面支持,使其渔业得到了一定程度的发展。但由于蒙古高原为牧业发达区,故其在渔业上的价值与成就容易被忽略甚至否定。以当今淡水渔业分布区划为基础,结合相关史实,可以将蒙元时期蒙古高原分为东部、中部、北部三大渔业区,由于地域自然、社会经济条件的差异,使上述三大渔业区的发展形式、速度、规模与特点各不相同,但这三大渔业区的发展均证明,蒙元时期的蒙古高原不仅拥有优良陆地牧场,富饶的"水上牧场"也是其一大利源,虽然开发程度有限,但仍值得我们去重新认识与评价,并深入研究。

There are many rivers and lakes that have many kinds of cold water fish in Mongolia plateau area.so this area has great fishery potential.The establishment and rise of the Mongolian Yuan Regime provided policy,market and technical support for the exploitation of fishery resources in the Mongolia plateau area.However,as the Mongolia plateau is a developed area of animal husbandry,its value and achievement in fishery can be easily neglected or even negated.Based on the division of freshwater fishery distribution,and combining relevant historical facts,the Mongolia plateau can be divided into three major fishing areas: Eastern,middle and northern regions.As a result of the difference of region,natural,social and economic conditions,the development forms,speed,scale and characteristics of the three fishery areas are different.However,the development of these three fishing areas has been proved that the Mongolia plateau not only had good land pastures but also have rich "water Ranch".Although the degree of development is limited,it is worth our more understanding and evaluation,and in-depth study.