中国山水类乡镇地名的空间分布特征及成因

Spatial Distribution Features and Causes of Mountain and Water Names of Landscapes in China’s Townships

以中国乡镇地名中的地形类、水文类地名为研究对象,利用GIS中基于核密度空间平滑法为支撑,输出专题图,从而进行空间分析,以期能客观、全面分析相关类型地名的空间分布特征。结果表明,地形类地名7561个,水文类地名5784个,地形类用字丰富多样,共计54个字,水文类用字21个;秦岭-淮河一线以南地区地形类地名在用字上的丰富程度说明了精耕细作的特点。在河流密集处水文类地名注重水文特征的区分,地名上精细化。地形类地名总体上分布不均衡、呈现出东多西少的特征,且集中分布在第二、三阶梯上;水文类地名与中国的水文分布一致,且与400mm等降水量线、“胡焕庸”线基本上相一致。地形类、水文类乡镇地名的分布特点也体现了自古以来人们“依山傍水”的生活理念。通过研究分析对今后地名的保护与发展提出相关建议,为地名文化的发展提供参考。

Topographical names and hydrological names in Chinese township were used as the research objects. Based on the nuclear density spatial smoothing method in GIS,it output the thematic maps in order to analyze the spatial distribution,which are expected to objectively and comprehensively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of related types of geographical names. The conclusions are as follows: there are 7 561 topographical names and 54 words about them.There are 5 784 hydrological names and 21 words about them. The topographical names in the south of the line of Qinling-Huaihe are abundant,which illustrate the characteristics of intensive farming. In the denseriver areas,the names of hydrological places pay more attention to the distinction of hydrological characteristics and the names of these places are much more refined. The topographical geographical names are generally uneven in distribution which are much more in the east of China than in western areas. Moreover,they are concentrated on the second and third steps;the hydrological place names are consistent with the hydrological distribution of China,as well as the precipitation lines of 400mm and the"Hu Huanyong"population line. The distribution characteristics of topographical and hydrological place names in China's towns and villages are the result of people's pursuit of living around mountains and rivers since ancient times. Finally,it will put forward relevant suggestions for the protection and development of future geographical names and provide references for the development of geographical names culture.