犁向西北:辽朝上京道农业发展轨迹

Agriculture-based development towards northwest: Agricultural development trend in Shangjingdao of the Liao dynasty

辽朝上京道的农业发展趋势基本上是由东南向西北推进,这与辽朝势力扩张的趋势大体吻合。其每一步发展都有背后的原因,或是为了解决对农产品的需求,或是为了平衡统治集团内部的利益,或是镇守西北驻军的后勤供给需求。上京道的农业劳动力构成以汉人、渤海人为主,契丹人依旧保持游牧传统,这是二元制统治的具体表现。在契丹故地以及辽阔的西北路地区发展农业,不仅在辽朝初期满足了契丹民族对农产品的需求,而且保障了草原丝绸之路的畅通。

The agricultural development trend in Shangjingdao of the Liao dynasty was basically moving towards northwest from southeast, which was in line with the power expansion in the Liao dynasty. There were reasons for every development, either for solving the needs of agricultural products, or balancing the benefits inside the ruling parties, or satisfying the demand for the logistics services from the northwest garrison. The agricultural labor force in Shangjingdao was mainly composed of the Han and Bohai people, while the Qidan people still kept a nomadic tradition, which was the specific representation of the dual-system governance. Developing agriculture in the Qidan s traditional habitat and the vast northwestern region not only satisfied the Qidan s demand of agricultural products, but also guaranteed the smooth operation of the Silk Road on the grassland.