国际制裁的目的、条件、方式及其对中国参与国际制裁的启示

A study of the purposes,conditions and means of international sanctions and its implications for China’s implementation of international sanctions

国际制裁作为发起主体实现政治目标的手段,旨在说服或迫使一个国家停止参与不被接受的行为,达到惩罚目标国行为、削弱目标国实力、宣传自身价值观或表明本国立场的目的。相比代价高昂的军事行动,国际制裁具有低成本的特点,成为冷战以来越来越多的国家和国际组织解决国际争端的工具。作为大国对外政策工具,实施国际制裁需要具备一定的条件,如双方的相互依存度、力量对比、利益权衡和国内外支持等。根据不同的制裁目的和条件,制裁国可以灵活选择多边制裁或单边制裁、复合制裁或单一制裁、全面制裁或目标制裁等制裁方式。中国作为一个举足轻重的大国,已具备利用国际制裁来维护国际正义和本国利益的能力,支持在联合国框架下参与国际制裁。在制裁参与中,中国需要根据国家利益及本国国情,建立和完善相关的制裁执行机制,合理选择制裁方式,使国际制裁更好地服务于国家利益。

As a means of achieving the political goals of the initiators,international sanctions are intended to persuade or compel a country to stop participating in unacceptable behaviors with the aims to punish and weaken the target country,publicize values or demonstrate the positions of the initiators.Compared with costly military operations,international sanctions have been characterized by low costs and have become a tool used by a growing number of countries and international organizations to resolve international disputes since the Cold War.As a foreign policy tool of great powers,the implementation of international sanctions requires certain conditions,such as the degree of interdependence,power comparison,balance of interests and support at home and abroad.Depending on various purposes and conditions of sanctions,initiators can flexibly choose approaches such as multilateral sanctions or unilateral sanctions,multiple sanctions or single sanctions,comprehensive sanctions or targeted sanctions and so on.As a major and important member of the international community,China has the ability to use international sanctions to safeguard international justice and its own interests,and supports participation in international sanctions under the UN framework.In the involvement of sanctions,China needs to establish and improve relevant enforcement mechanisms of sanctions,selects means of sanctions rationally in accordance with national interests and conditions so as to make international sanctions serve our national interests better.