Fast SqueezeNet算法及在地铁人群密度估计上的应用

Fast SqueezeNet algorithm with application in metro crowd density estimation

针对地铁视频监控一直缺乏一种有效的人群密度分类器的问题,提出了基于人群密度估计算法—Fast SqueezeNet的人群密度分类器,用于在地铁嵌入式计算平台有限的硬件资源限制下,实现对地铁车厢内人群的密度估计.该算法基于轻型卷积神经网络SqueezeNet,结合权值稀疏化和结构稀疏化方法,具有如下3点优势: 1)以原始图像作为输入,并在处理的过程中自动提取纹理特征用于拥挤人群密度的估计;2) SqueezeNet经过权值稀疏化后,具有更少的模型参数,可以灵活的布置在安谋(ARM)等具有有限硬件资源的嵌入式平台上;3)结构稀疏化方法使得SqueezeNet具有更快的前向预测速度,提高其在地铁嵌入式平台上的图像处理效率.在3个人群密度数据集PETS 2009, Mall和ShangHai metro上,采用Fast SqueezeNet算法的三分类人群密度分类器,与基于卷积神经网络和单纯的权值稀疏化SqueezeNet网络的分类器进行对比实验研究,结果表明:在预测准确率、参数规模和运行时间3个维度上,基于Fast SqueezeNet的分类器均表现出了较好的性能,有效地克服了地铁车厢拥挤人群中存在的高密度、高耦合、透视变形等图像识别难题对估计结果的影响.最后,在ARM嵌入式平台上的实验表明基于FastSqueezeNet的分类器可以在有限的硬件资源下,快速准确的得到预测结果,满足高速运行的地铁列车日常使用需求.

According to the fact that there has been a lack of an effective crowd density classifier in metro video surveillance,in the paper,a classifier based on Fast SqueezeNet is proposed to estimate crowd passenger density,subjects to limited hardware resource of subway embedded platform.It is based on smaller convolutional neural network-SqueezeNet and combines with weights sparsity and structure sparsity,therefore the proposed method has following three advantages:Firstly,it receives the crowd image as input and learns texture features to estimate crowd density automatically.Secondly,the SqueezeNet with weights pruning has fewer parameters and can be more flexibility applied on advanced risc machine(ARM)or other resource-constrained embedded platforms.Last but not least,the structure sparsity accelerates inference speed of SqueezeNet and improves image processing efficiency in subway embedded platform.Finally,the three-classifier based on Fast SqueezeNet is validated on the three datasets:PETS2009,Mall and ShangHai metro.Compared to other classifier based on the state of the art convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and SqueezeNet with weights sparsity,the experiment results demonstrate that the proposed classifier has better performance at prediction accuracy,parameters and forward time,thus it can effectively solve image recognizing difficulties of crowd people in underground carriages such as high density,severe occlusion and perspective distortion that affect crowd density estimation.Finally,the experiment results from ARM embedded platform show that the proposed classifier estimates crowd density rapidly and accurately under resource-constrained hardware,and satisfies application requirement of high-speed metro.