言说的困境及其回应方式——从孔子到庄子

Dilemma of Speech and the Way of Its Response——from Confucius to Zhuangzi

原发的中国古典哲人,无论是孔子、老子,还是庄子,都深刻体认到言说的困境,这种困难不仅仅具有政治社会的向度,而且还有形而上的向度,如果说“西狩获麟”是前一种困境,那么道与言之间不可避免的张力则是后一种困境的体现。孔子“春秋笔法”、《周易》的“象言”、《庄子》的“三言”(即寓言、重言、巵言),都是回应言说困境的方式。只有把握这种困境,才能理解这些伟大文本言说的方式,而只有理解这些言说的特别方式,才能将这些伟大的经典带入我们时代的意识中,这就要求以灵魂饲养经典。

The original Chinese classical philosophers, whether Confucius, Laozi or Zhuangzi, are deeply aware of the difficulties of speech. This difficulty not only has the political and social dimension, but also the physical dimension. If the “West Hunter to get Lin” is the former difficulty, then the inevitable tension between “Dao” and “Speech” is the embodiment of the latter difficulty. Confucian view regarding the book Spring and Autumn,“XiangYan” in Zhouyi ,“SanYan” in Zhuangzi, are in response to the dilemma of the way. Only by mastering this difficulty can we understand the way in which these words are spoken, and only by understanding the special ways in which these words are spoken can these great classics be brought into the consciousness of our times, which requires the breeding of classics with souls.