大学生心理调适能力与自杀自伤行为的关联

Associations between psychological adaptability and suicide and self-injury among college students

目的探讨大学生自杀相关心理行为和自伤行为的发生情况及其与自我心理调适能力的关系,为大学生自杀、自伤行为的干预提供基础资料。方法采用问卷调查的方法,对安徽省合肥市某高校825名大学生进行一般人口特征、心理复原力、自悯、宽恕等方面调查。结果大学生自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀行动报告率分别为9.9%,3.5%,2.5%和1.8%,自伤行为报告率为11.8%。与宽恕他人维度得分中分组相比,宽恕他人得分偏高是自杀心理行为(OR=0.26)和自伤行为(OR=0.31)的负相关因素(P值均<0.05);心理调适能力各量表总分中,与心理复原力量表(CD-RISC)得分中分组相比,低分组是自伤行为的正相关因素(OR=2.11),高分组是自杀相关心理行为的负相关因素(OR=0.51)(P值均<0.05);与自我怜悯量表及Hearland宽恕量表得分中分组相比,低分组均是自杀相关心理行为的正相关因素(OR值分别为1.66,2.28),高分组均是自杀相关心理行为(OR值分别为0.33,0.44)、自伤行为(OR值分别为0.35,0.39)的负相关因素(P值均<0.05)。结论心理复原力、自我怜悯、宽恕水平与自杀相关心理行为和自伤行为关系密切。高校可通过提高大学生自我心理调适能力来降低自杀、自伤行为的发生风险。

Objective To examine the associations between suicide and self-injury behavior with psychological adaptability of college students, so as to provide the basic information for prevention of suicide and self-injury behavior. Methods A sample of 825 college students completed a self-report questionnaire that measured sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety, depressive symptoms, resilience, self-compassion, and forgiveness. Results Among 825 college students, the prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal preparation, and suicidal action were 9.9%, 3.5%, 2.5%, 1.8% respectively. The rate of self-injury was 11.8%. Compared with the group with low scores of forgiveness dimension, high score of forgiveness was the protective factor of suicidal psychological behavior(OR=0.26) and self-injury(OR=0.31)(P<0.05). Compared with the score of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in each scale of mental resilience, low score was the risk factor of self-injury(OR=2.11), while high score was the protective factor of suicidal mental behaviors(OR=0.51)(P<0.05). Compared with the middle scores of the self-compassion scale and hearland forgiveness scale, the low scores were the risk factors for suicidal psychological behavior(OR=1.66, 2.28), while the high scores were the protective factors for suicidal psychological behavior(OR=0.33, 0.44) and self-injury(OR=0.35, 0.39)(P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological resilience, self-compassion and forgiveness are significantly correlated with suicide and self-injury, suggesting that colleges and universities should pay close attention to the mental health status of college students and help them reduce the incidence by improving their self-psychological adjustment ability.