人参皂苷Rb1对高脂血症大鼠肝脏细胞焦亡的影响及其可能机制

Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on liver cell pyroptosis in hyperlipidemia rats and its possible mechanism

目的:观察人参皂苷Rb1对高脂血症大鼠肝脏细胞焦亡的影响,探讨其对肝脏脂质沉积的影响及作用机制。方法:将32只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、人参皂苷Rb1组和辛伐他汀组。除正常组给予基础饲料外,其余各组给予高脂饲料。造模4周后,灌胃给药,对照组与模型组给予相应体积的生理盐水,人参皂苷Rb1与辛伐他汀组给予相应药物。8周后全自动生物化学分析仪检测血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)的含量;HE染色观察肝脏组织病理变化;Western blot法与RT-qPCR法检测肝脏细胞焦亡相关因子NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18和GSDMD的蛋白及mRNA表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清TC、TG和LDL-C含量显著上升(P<0.01),HDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05);肝脏脂肪变性肝细胞布满视野;NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18和GSDMD mRNA和蛋白的表达显著升高(P<0.01)。人参皂苷Rb1可使血清TC、TG和LDL-C含量显著下降(P<0.05),HDL-C含量显著上升(P<0.01);脂肪变性程度明显减轻,脂滴少而小;NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18和GSDMD mRNA和蛋白的表达显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rb1可能通过降低肝细胞焦亡相关因子的表达而减轻高脂血症大鼠肝脏损伤和脂质沉积。

AIM: To discuss the mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 against liver lipid deposition by observing the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on liver cell pyroptosis in hyperlipidemia rats. METHODS: Totally 32 healthy SPF rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ginsenoside Rb1 group and simvastatin group. The rats in control group was given the basic feed, while the others were given high-fat diet. The rats in ginsenoside Rb1 group and simvastatin group were given corresponding drugs. The rats in control group and model group were intraperitoneal injected with equal volume of saline. Eight weeks later, the serum levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were tested by the automatic biochemistry analyzer. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed with HE staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of pyroptosis-related factors NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in model group were increased significantly(P<0.01), and the HDL-C content was decreased significantly(P<0.05). The steatotic liver cells covered the visual field. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD were increased significantly(P<0.01). Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C(P<0.05), and significantly increased the content of HDL-C(P<0.01). Ginsenoside Rb1 also significantly decreased the degree of steatosis, and the number and size of lipid droplets. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rb1 atte-nuates liver injury and inhibits liver lipid deposition in hyperlipidemia rats by reducing the expression of hepatic pyroptosis-related factors.