现代学校与甲左村变迁的口述史研究

An Oral History Study of the Changes of Modern School and Jiazuo Village

本文以口述史为研究方法,对中国西南的一个水族村寨--甲左村的现代学校发展史进行研究,从微观视角考察了学校与乡土社会变迁之间的互动关系。基于村民口述资料,发现现代学校在村寨的出现虽是国家力量的产物,与村民进入现代社会体系所经历的信任危机以及由此教育需求不谋而合。学校借助这种需求扎根于村寨,进而又在村寨内部通过教育现代空间的确立和受教育者的培养推动了村寨传统社区向现代社会的变迁。文章进一步探讨了学校推动甲左村变迁的作用机制及其二重性问题:学校孕育了受教育村民的现代性,也赋予他们反思和生成现代性的能力和主动性,使他们得以在日常生活中积极践行传统与现代的整合重构,让甲左村的变迁具有自身的个性化和多样性。

Using the research method of oral history, this paper makes a study of the development of modern school in Jiazuo Village, a village of Shui ethnic group in Southwest China, attempting to view the interactive relation between school and the change of local society from a micro perspective. Villagers’ oral information shows that though the appearance of modern school in the village is the result of national power, it perfectly agrees with the educational need of villagers to enter modern social system. With the help of this demand, the school is rooted in the village and promotes its change from traditional community to modern society by setting up an educational modern space and cultivating the educated within the village. Through a further analysis of the oral life history of the educated villagers, this paper discusses the mechanism of school to promote the change of the village and its duality, that is, the school has cultivated modernity of the educated villagers, giving them the ability and initiative to reflect and generate modernity, enabling them to actively integrate and reconstruct tradition and modernity in their daily life, making the change of the village individual and diverse.