民族地区高职教育办学的绩效分析

Performance Analysis of Higher Vocational Education in Ethnic Areas

通过对民族地区高职教育办学进行绩效评价,可掌握其办学水平与投入产出状况,为推动民族地区高职教育的改革深化提供依据,进而为民族地区的经济发展提供人才保障、为实现"中国制造2025"以及民族地区脱贫攻坚提供重要支撑。基于SBM-DEA模型及Malmquist指数对2013-2017年全国31个省市区的高职教育办学绩效进行测量,并对面板数据进行跨期分析,研究发现:(1)2013-2017年,全国高职教育的办学总体效率为中等水平,但民族地区效率无效且波动较大,处于"低投入-低产出-低效率"的状态;(2)从地理空间格局来看,呈"中东部、东南沿海效率较高,西北、西南(主要为民族地区)效率较低"的特点;(3)2013-2017年,全国平均水平全要素生产率5年间提高了0.6%,总体办学绩效有所提升,但同期民族地区的绩效有所倒退,且呈现技术效率和规模效率均不足的特点。

Through performance appraisal of higher vocational education in ethnic areas, we can grasp the school running level and input-output status of higher vocational education, so as to provide basis for promoting the deepening reform of higher vocational education, talent guarantee for economic development, and important support for realizing "Made in China 2025" and poverty alleviation in ethnic areas. Based on the SBM-DEA model and Malmquist index, this paper measures the efficiency of higher vocational education in 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2013 to 2017 and makes a cross-period analysis of the panel data. The results show that 1) from 2013 to 2017, the overall efficiency of higher vocational education in China is moderate, but the efficiency in ethnic areas is ineffective and fluctuating, and the overall state is "low input-low output-low efficiency";2) from the perspective of geospatial pattern,"the central and eastern coasts are more efficient, and the northwest and southwest are less efficient(mainly ethnic areas)";and 3) from 2013 to 2017, the national average full-factor productivity change rate increased by 0.6% with the improvement of the overall school-running efficiency, however, the overall efficiency of ethnic areas declined with insufficient technical efficiency and scale efficiency.