民事执行程序中分配方案异议之诉研究

A Study on the Lawsuit of Objection to the Distribution Scheme in the Civil Execution Procedure

分配方案异议之诉的性质宜采形成之诉说,其判决结果所生的形成力具有对世效力,其诉讼标的是对分配方案的异议权。为使债权人能公平受偿且契合形成之诉说的理论体系,应依按份说重新分配债权。分配方案异议之诉与债务人异议之诉的诉讼标的不同,但二者有竞合现象。出现竞合时,应该以既判力的拘束范围是否相同来作为认定的方式,不能仅仅因为争点相同,就限制债务人提起异议之诉,否则会导致对异议人权利的过度剥夺。债权人或债务人若确实因为分配方案的分配程序不当造成损害,不能因为其未提起分配方案异议及分配方案异议之诉就产生失权的效果,致其不能再对其实体上的权利进行主张。债权人或债务人依然可以提起侵权行为或不当得利的诉讼,恢复权利人实体上的真正权利。

The nature of the objection action of the distribution plan should be the right of formation,the formation force generated by the judgment has the absolute effect,and the object of action is the objection right to the distribution plan.In order to ensure that creditors can be compensated fairly and conform to the formed theoretical system,the creditor's rights should be redistributed according to the principle of proportionality.The object of action of dissenting action of distributive scheme is different from that of debtor's dissenting action.When concurrence occurs,whether the binding scope of res judicata is the same or not should be taken as the way of identification.It is not possible to restrict the debtor to file an action of objection just because of the same disputing points,otherwise it will lead to the excessive deprivation of the rights of the objector.If the creditor or debtor does cause damage due to the improper allocation procedure of the distribution scheme,it shall not have the effect of loss of rights because it has not filed an objection to the'distribution scheme and a lawsuit against the objection to the distribution scheme.So that it can no longer claim its substantive rights.The creditor or debtor can still bring a lawsuit of tort or unjust enrichment to restore the real rights of the obligee.