大数据时代的算法解释权:背景、逻辑与构造

Background, Logic and Structure of the Right to Explanation of Algorithmic Dicision-making in the Age of Big Data

大数据时代,算法自动化决策在广泛运用于私人生活与公共治理领域的同时,也导致了隐私和歧视风险。究其原因,在于算法透明性缺乏导致算法决策的黑箱效应,并最终危及算法决策可责性。算法解释权旨在通过赋予数据主体获得算法自动决策的解释的权利,明确数据控制者的解释义务,通过提高算法透明性达致重塑算法决策可责性,进而缓和算法决策隐私和歧视风险的目的,具有现实的正当性基础。在具体权利构造上,依据解释标准和解释时机的不同,算法解释权可以界分为以算法系统功能为中心的解释权模式与以具体决策为中心的解释权模式,两种解释权模式并非非此即彼的排他关系,在具体的解释权运用中,应当根据算法决策所处的具体阶段和时机来选择适当的解释权模式。

In the age of big data,algorithmic automated decision-making is widely used in the field of private life and public govemance,but it also leads to the risks of privacy and discrimination.The reasons of these risks is that the lack of transparency of algorithmic decision-making,which results in the black box effect of algorithmic decision-making,and ultimately endangers the accountability of algorithmic decision-making.Right to explanation aims to give data subjects the right to gain interpretation of algorithmic automatic decision-making,clarify the interpretation obligations of data controllers,improve the transparency of the algorithmic decision-making,and achieve the goal of remodeling the accountability of the decision-making of the algorithm,thereby mitigating the risk of privacy and discrimination in the algorithmic decision-making.In this sense,the right to explanation have rationality.In terms of the construction of specific rights,according to the different explanation criteria and timing,the right to explanation of algorithmic decision-making can be divided into two types:the right to explanation centered on the system function of the algorithm and centered on specific decision-making.The two models of right to explanation are not exclusive,we should choose different interpretation mode according to the specific stage and timing of algorithmic decision-making.