浪漫派之“孤独”:从“忧郁”到“荒诞”

“Solitude” of Romanticism:from “Melancholy” to “Absurdity”

经由忧郁成性的"世纪儿"形象,"人群中的孤独"这一现代人的命运在浪漫派这里第一次得到正面表达,个人与社会、精英与庸众的冲突从此成了西方现代文学的重要主题。将"人群中的孤独"与艺术家独特的命运相关联,浪漫派作家制造了诗人被冷酷无情的社会和庸众所毁灭的悲情传说。正是以浪漫主义作家笔下那些忧郁成性、充满悖论的古怪形象为基础,作为个体本质或命运的"孤独体验"在克尔凯郭尔的哲学探究中才终于发酵成为构成"荒诞"观念的核心要素;也正是经由对孤独个体之精神矛盾和情感悖论的关注,浪漫主义文学才为存在主义哲学进一步阐发"非理性的人"做好了准备。

"Solitude in the crowd",which is considered as the fate of modern man,was positively representd by Romanticists for the first time through the melancholy image of"Child of the Century".Henceforth,the conflicts between individual and society and between elite and mediocrity became a major subject of the modern literature in the West.With a probe into the connection between the notion of"solitude in the crowd"and the unique fate of artists,Romantists produced tragic legends about the obliteration of poets by the relentless society and the mediocrity that surrounds them.It is based on the Romanticists’portrayal of eccentric characters,who appear to be both melancholy and paradoxical,that Kierkegaard redefined the notion of"solitary experience"as the individual essence or fate in his philosophical inquiry and developed it into a core element in the concept of"Absurdity".Also,thanks to its persistent concern over the mental conflict and emotional paradox of the solitary individual,the Romantic literature clearly paved the way for the Existentialist philosophy to further elucidate the nature of"irrational man".