康拉德小说的英雄母题新探——以《吉姆爷》和《诺斯托罗莫》为中心

A New Probe into the Hero Motif in Conrad’s Novels:Lord Jim and Nostromo

英雄是文学作品亘古不变的母题,而受难是英雄完成神圣使命和人格升华的关键。康拉德将其对英雄之人神两性的哲思融入其小说创作中。《吉姆爷》和《诺斯托罗莫》这两部作品通过对经历创伤磨难的英雄基于人神两性的伦理观照,共同描绘了"神性-人性-神性"由此及彼循环往复的英雄成长图谱,而这其中"受难"(受创)是引发循环的关键。从这个意义上说,康拉德英雄是人性受创和神性修创的结合体,而小说所诠释的关于英雄人性和神性的思辨则成为康拉德小说创伤书写的重要组成部分。

"Hero"is the eternally immutable motif in literary works,and suffering is the key to the hero’s accomplishment of his mission and his personal sublimation.Conrad infiltrates into his novels his philosophical contemplation about the hero’s humanity and divinity.Both Lord Jim and Nostromo rely heavily on the ethical reflection of the hero’s traumatic ordeal in depicting a recurrent"divinity-humanity-divinity"cycle of heroic growth that is triggered and sustained by"suffering".A typical Conradian hero is,in this sense,an integrated embodiment of both the trauma of humanity and the recuperation of divinity,whereas the exploration of the hero’s humanity and divinity seems to have become an important component of Conrad’s trauma narrative in his novels.