拜占庭“文人剧场”的生成

The Formation of Byzantine “Theatron”

"文人剧场"是拜占庭文学中一个独有的现象。它既是一个戏剧术语的语义演变问题,也是一个拜占庭政治语义场问题。它最初指发生在竞技场或剧场等公共场合上的任何一种表演或奇特景观,随后逐渐演变成一个集交流、辩论、演说、娱乐和文学发表等多重功能于一体的文人群体平台。它具有空间性、表演性和互动性的内涵特征。"文人剧场"作为拜占庭文人们施展才华和实现抱负的重要平台,弥补了业已消亡的古希腊剧场的舞台功能。在这样的文化氛围中,文人的创作环境得以优化,作品的创作产量得以提升。同时,它也提供了精英文人的晋升渠道,将帝国社会生活仪式化,起到凝聚民心、引导舆论的积极作用。

"Theatron"is a unique phenomenon in the Byzantine literature.It is an issue of both the semantic evolution of theatrical terms and Byzantine political semantic field.Originally,it referred to any kind of performance or wonders which occurred in the hippodrome,theatre or other public places.Then,it gradually evolved into a platform of literati with multiple functions,such as communication,debate,oration,entertainment,and literary publication,a platform that has the connotational characteristics of spatiality,performativity,and interactivity.As an important platform where the Byzantine liberati could display their talents and realize their aspirations,the"Theatron"made up for the stage function of the extinct ancient Greek theater.Within such a cultural atmosphere,the creative environment of literati was optimized,and the number of creative works rose up steadily.Meanwhile,it facilitated the channel for the promotion of the elite literati and ritualized the social life of the empire,which played a positive role in uniting the people and guiding the public opinion.