中国企业OFDI逆向技术溢出如何提升绿色技术创新——基于长江经济带的经验证据

How Can Chinese Enterprises’ OFDI Reverse Technology Spillovers Improve Green Technology Innovation under the High-quality Development Stage?——Empirical Evidence Based on the Yangtze River Economic Belt

基于CH模型,测算2003-2016年间长江经济带11个省市的绿色技术创新水平,并采用可以有效控制内生性问题的两阶段最小二乘法考察了对外直接投资逆向技术溢出、市场分割以及其他因素对区域绿色技术创新的影响,结果发现:第一,中国企业对外直接投资逆向技术溢出能显著提高绿色技术创新,但市场分割通过扭曲本地市场的交易成本间接阻碍了绿色技术创新水平的提升;第二,考虑市场分割调节作用时,中国企业对外直接投资逆向技术溢出对于技术吸收能力的作用影响具有一定程度的不确定性;第三,从区域角度看,下游生产率的提升主要得益于中国企业对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应,而中上游则在更大程度上依赖市场分割(即地方保护);且在存有区际差别市场分割程度的情况下,中国企业对外直接投资对于中国吸收逆向溢出技术的作用具有"倒U型"的特征。

Based on the CH model,this paper measures the environmentally-constrained level of green technology innovation in 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2016,and investigates the foreign direct investment reverse technology by using the system generalized moment estimation method which can effectively control endogeneity problems.The impact of spillovers,market segmentation and other factors on regional green technology innovations revealed that: First,Chinese enterprises' outward direct investment reverse technology spillovers can significantly improve green technology innovation,but market segmentation indirectly hinders green by distorting transaction costs in the local market.The improvement of the level of technological innovation;secondly,when considering the role of market segmentation,the impact of Chinese technology on foreign direct investment reverse technology spillovers on the absorption capacity of technology has a certain degree of uncertainty;third,from a regional perspective,downstream productivity The improvement is mainly due to the reverse technology spillover effect of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment,while the middle and upper reaches rely on market segmentation to a greater extent;and in the case of inter-regional differential market segmentation,Chinese enterprises are externally Direct investment for China.