马克思消费观的当代境遇与拓展方向研究

The Theoretical Situation and Expanding Direction of Marx’s Consumption View

马克思在《资本论》中主要从生产入手考察资本主义社会的运行逻辑及其整体结构。但在消费社会中,商品的“符号交换价值”成为与商品的“交换价值”“使用价值”相并列的新元素,因此,马克思主义政治经济学亟待确立一种消费社会的批判理论。本文以鲍德里亚所揭示的物的“功能性价值”与“符号性价值”的区分作为参照,将研究的视角从商品“交换价值”的可公度性转移到商品“使用价值”的二重性之中,论证了“符号交换价值”的内涵、意义与限度。本文的结论是,传统的“文化消费”与“消费文化”的区分无法把握消费社会的特征。如何处理好生产与消费的关系,特别是消费的功能性价值与符号性价值之间的关系,既是拓展马克思消费观的核心问题,也是深入消费经济学研究的前提性问题。

Marx demonstrated the logic and the structure of the Capitalism in Capital based on the prescription of the Production in General. But it's not enough to elaborate the contemporary mass consumption society for the emergence of the Symbol Exchange Value of the goods which stood side by side with the Use Value and the Exchange Value. Therefore, it's urgent to establish a critical theory of the consumption society for the development of the Marxism Political Economics. Referring Baudrillard's distinction of the Functional Value and the Symbolic Value, the thesis focused on tthe intension, significance and the limit of the Symbol Exchange Value. The conclusion is that the distinction of cultural consumption and the consumption culture in traditional Consumption Economics is not enough to get the point of consumption society. Dealing with the relationship of the Production and the Consumption, especially the relationship of the Functional Value and the Symbolic Value is not only important to develop Marxism but also important to study the premise of the Consumption Economics.