消费金融市场规制:国外实践与中国镜鉴

Consumer Finance Market Regulation: Foreign Practice and Chinese Mirror

消费金融是经济的重要组成部分,也是关乎国计民生的重要金融业务。近年来,随着消费金融市场竞争的加剧和消费金融产品交易量的扩大,金融纠纷趋于增加,高利贷和多重债务等社会问题频出,消费金融市场规制面临着新的挑战,其监管框架亟需进一步完善。本文比较分析了英美等国消费金融市场规制模式变迁过程,并总结其消费金融市场规制的历史经验。针对我国消费金融市场规制过程中监管主体缺位、监管手段单一和监管机制模糊等一系列现实困境,中国应根据不同的发展阶段选择合适的监管模式,循序渐进地健全消费金融市场规制体系,要从明确监管职责、完善法规体系建设、优化信息共享机制、健全风险防范机制和强化国际监管合作等方面进行统一规范,促进消费金融更好地服务于实体经济发展。

Consumer finance is an important part of the economy. It is an important financial business related to the national economy and people's livelihood. In recent years, with the expansion of the trading volume of consumer finance products and the intensification of competition in the consumer finance market, disputes have increased, social problems such as usury and multiple debts have occurred frequently, and consumer finance market regulation has faced new challenges, and its regulatory framework needs to be further refined. This article compares and analyzes the evolution of the regulation model of consumer finance markets and summarizes the historical experience of the regulation of consumer finance markets such as the United Kingdom and the United States. In view of a series of realistic dilemmas, such as the lack of regulatory authorities, the single means of supervision and the fuzzy regulatory mechanism in the regulation of consumer finance markets, China should choose the appropriate supervision mode according to different stages of development, and improve the regulation system of consumer finance market step by step, it is necessary to standardize the supervision responsibility, perfect the construction of the legal system, optimize the information sharing mechanism, perfect the risk prevention mechanism and strengthen the international regulatory cooperation, so as to promote the consumer finance to serve entities better.