艾滋病的分期及临床表现

Stages and Clinical Manifestations of AIDS

艾滋病病程可分为急性期、无症状期、艾滋病期。艾滋病的临床表现多样,主要有全身症状、机会性感染、恶性肿瘤、皮肤表现。机会性感染以结核病和非结核分枝杆菌感染多见,了解艾滋病相关机会性感染的主要种类,识别机会性感染发生的危险因素,可以有效预防其发生,控制其进展。随着高效抗反转病毒的有效治疗,HIV感染者的生存期延长,继发恶性肿瘤如艾滋病定义恶性肿瘤和非艾滋病定义恶性肿瘤的几率增加。HIV相关皮肤粘膜损害可分为感染性皮肤病、炎症性皮肤病和肿瘤性皮肤病,可作为AIDS诊断的重要线索,也是免疫状况观察的重要指标。熟悉HIV/AIDS患者相关表现,对临床医生在HIV/AIDS的诊断、治疗工作中有重要意义。

The course of AIDS has three stages, which can be divided into acute stage, asymptomatic stage and AIDS stage. There are many clinical manifestations of AIDS and the main clinical manifestations are systemic symptoms, opportunistic infections, malignant tumors and skin manifestations. Opportunistic infections are more common with tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Only fully understanding the main types of AIDS-related opportunistic infections and effectively identifying the risk factors of opportunistic infections, can we fundamentally prevent the occurrence of AIDS scientifically and effectively, and control its development and deterioration. With the continuous development of effective anti?retroviral therapy, the survival time of HIV-infected people is gradually prolonged, and the probability of AIDS defining malignant tumors and non -AIDS defining malignant tumors is also increasing. HIV-related skin and mucosal lesions can be classified into three types: infectious dermatosis, inflammatory dermatosis and tumorous dermatosis , which can serve as an important clue for the diagnosis of AIDS, and also an important indicator for the observation of immune status. Familiarity with the relevant manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients can provide clinicians with important significance in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS.