抗反转录病毒治疗的现状与进展

Update on Antiretroviral Therapy

截止2018年7月,WHO估计全球HIV感染者3 690万,其中接受抗反转录病毒治疗(ART) 2 169. 1万。多种抗病毒药物(ARV)联合使用治疗HIV/AIDS的高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART),可有效抑制HIV复制使病毒载量下降,使被破坏的机体免疫功能获得恢复或部分恢复。但无法彻底清除HIV。随着病毒耐药性的增加,药物潜在的毒副作用,导致HART治疗失败或中断治疗。因此,目前HARRT仍面临巨大挑战,围绕HAART的研究一直是近年艾滋病研究重点之一。本文就目前抗反转录病毒的种类、各种药物的特点、治疗方案,治疗中的HIV的耐药性、免疫重建炎性综合征(IRIS)以及寻求抗HIV/AIDS的新方法如免疫激活、免疫调剂增强剂、中医中药、HIV疫苗等进行概述。

It has been estimated by WHO that 36. 9 million people are infected with HIV by end July 2018, of whom 21. 69 million people had received antiretroviral treatment (ART)? It has also been confirmed that the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively reduce viral load by suppressing the replication of HIV, and restore or partially restore the destroyed immune function of the body, but cannot horoughly eliminate the virus from the body. With the increase of HIV drug resistance, the potential side effects of drugs lead to the failure of HAART or interruption of treatment. Therefore, at present, HARRT still faces great challenges. This article summarizes the current antiretroviral regimen, the characteristics of antiretroviral drugs, HIV drug resistance and immune reconstructive inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in treatment,and the search for new anti-HIV /AIDS methods such as immune activation, immunomodulatory enhancers, traditional Chinese medicine and HIV vaccines.