围产期早期保健及营养指导对妊娠期糖尿病及早产的预防价值

Preventive Value of Early Perinatal Health Care and Nutritional Guidance for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Premature Gelivery

【目的】探讨围产期早期保健及营养指导对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)及早产的预防价值。【方法】选择2016年7月至2018年3月在本院进行产检并最终在本院分娩的109例孕妇,按照随机数表法分为观察组(51例)和对照组(58例)。对照组孕妇在孕产期间接受常规化的保健宣教和健康指导,观察组孕妇则在上述基础上实行围产期早期保健及相应的营养指导,比较两组临床疗效,分析围产期早期保健及营养指导对GDM及早产发生的预防价值。【结果】两组的孕前体质量指数(BMI)比较差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),观察组分娩时BMI及孕期体质量增加幅度明显低于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕前,两组的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)和血浆糖化血糖蛋白(HbA1C)水平比较无统计学意义(P >0.05);观察组孕前和分娩时FPG、2hPG和HbA1C水平比较未见明显变化(P >0.05);对照组分娩时FPG、2hPG和HbA1C水平明显高于孕前(P <0.05)。观察组的GDM和早产儿发生率分别为3.45%、3.45%,均明显低于对照组(分别为19.61%、21.57%),组间差异比较有统计学意义(P <0.05)。【结论】围产期间实行早期保健及相应的营养指导,能够使孕妇的BMI及血糖水平得到有效控制,从而能够有效预防和减少GDM等妊娠并发症及早产儿等不良妊娠结局的发生。

[Objective]To explore the value of early perinatal health care and nutritional guidance in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and premature delivery.[Methods] One hundred and nine pregnant women who un derwe nl maternity exami nation in our hospital from J uly 2016 to March 2018 and eventually delivered in our hospital were divided into observation group (51 cases) and control group (58 cases) according to random number table method. Pregnant women in the control group received routine health education and health guidance during pregnancy and childbirth , while pregnant women in the observation group received early perinatal health care and corresponding nutritional guidance on the basis of the above. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared, and the preventive value of early peri natal health care and nutriti onal guidance for GDM and premature birth was analyzed.[ Results] There was no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy between the two groups ( P >0.05). The increase of BMI and body mass during pregnancy in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), postprandial 2-hour blood glucose (2hPG) and plasma glycosylated glycoprotein ( HbAlC) between the two groups before pregnancy ( P > 0.05);there was no significant change in the levels of FPG, 2hPG and HbAlC before pregnancy and during delivery in the observation group ( P >0.05);the levels of FPG, 2hPG and HbAlC during delivery in the control group were significantly higher than those before pregnancy( P <0.05). The incidence of GDM and premature infants in the observation group were 3.45% and 3.45% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (19.61 % and 21.57%, respectively). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05).[Conclusion]Early health care and nutritional guidance during perinatal period can effectively control BMI and blood sugar level of pregnant women, ihus effectively prevent and reduce pregnancy complications such as GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature infants.