高寒区草地-家畜优化配置研究——以青海省玛沁县1牧户为例

A Study on the Optimal Allocation of the Alpine Pasture Grassland-Livestock—A Case of a Herder in Maqin County,Qinghai Province

针对牧区牧草资源短缺、草畜平衡矛盾突出及生态环境脆弱等问题,本文构建经济效益与生态效益统一度量的家庭牧场草地-家畜优化配置模型。以青海省玛沁县夏季牧场不足、冬春牧场剩余的1牧户为例,在分析现有家庭牧场草畜供需平衡的基础上,设置天然草地、人工草地和家畜优化配置方案集并求解,进而分析草地-家畜优化配置后的经济效益、生态效益和及其综合效益。优化配置中,将载畜量由原来的520个羊单位减为418个羊单位,划分冬春季牧场草地面积5.4hm^2为夏季放牧,秋季牧场不作调整,冬春季牧场营养超载,结合补充精料和人工草地补饲休牧40d,放牧212d。优化配置方案下综合效益可分别提高11.8%,27.8%和27.8%。返青期休牧补饲可以使经济效益平均提高5%,生态效益平均提高22.5%,综合效益平均提高27.5%。延长夏季放牧时间为97d可使经济效益、生态效益及综合效益分别降低24.7%,16.5%和41.2%。

In view of the shortage of forage resources in pastoral areas,the contradiction between grass and livestock balance and the fragile ecological environment.This paper constructs a family pasture grassland-livestock optimization configuration model that measures economic benefits and ecological benefits.Take the pastures in Maqin County,Qinghai Province,where there are insufficient summer pastures and sufficient pastures in winter.Based on the analysis of the balance regulation of the existing family pastures,the natural grassland pasture and artificial grassland-livestock optimization configuration plan set and solve,then analyze the relationship between grassland resource utilization and economic and ecological comprehensive benefits.In the optimized configuration,the carrying capacity is reduced from 520 sheep units to 418 sheep units,and divided the rangeland area of winter-spring pastures is 5.4 hm^ 2 for summer grazing,the autumn pastures are not adjusted,and the winter-spring pastures were overloaded with nutrients and grassland,after 40 days of feeding,and grazing for 212 days The comprehensive benefits under the optimized configuration of each season could be increased by 11.8%,27.8 and 27.8%,respectively.The rest grazing can increase the economic benefit by 5% on average,the ecological benefit by 22.5%,and the comprehensive benefit by 27.5% in the green stage.Extending the summer grazing time to 97 days can reduce economic and ecological benefits by 24.7%,16.5%,and 41.2% respectively.