晚清绘制《渔海全图》初考

A Preliminary Study on Yu Hai Quan Tu of the Late Qing Dynasty

清末中国的海洋权益不断受到列强的侵食,清政府遂支持各省渔业试图以渔权保海权。1905年,中国受邀参加翌年在意大利米兰举办的世界博览会中的渔业赛会。张謇等人建议值此机会绘制中国的渔海地图,编撰中国的渔业历史,用以在米兰宣示中国的渔海区域,以维护海权。后由萨镇冰、陈寿彭、邱宝仁等人奉旨绘制《渔海全图》,共绘成总图一幅,分省渔海图七幅,这是中国历史上第一次绘制渔业海图,其图由南洋官报局石印制作。中方人员携渔海图和其他参赛物品搭乘法国邮轮往米兰参会,这一活动体现了古老中国对渔权、海权意识的觉醒。

In the late Qing Dynasty, China's maritime rights were constantly violated by great powers of the world. In order to maintain its own maritime rights and interests, the Qing Court decided to support the development of fishery industry in coastal provinces. In 1906, China was invited to the fisheries exhibition of the World Expo in Milan, Italy. Zhang Jian and a few other persons suggested that it would be a good opportunity for China to present its fishing maps and compile the history of China's fishery at the Expo as a way to show China's fishing zones and safeguard China's maritime rights. Thus, Sa Zhenbing, Chen Shoupeng, Qiu Baoren and others were assigned to draw the fishing maps. They drew a general map, the General Map of Fishing Areas, and seven provincial fishing maps. Lithographed by Nanyang Newspaper Press, these were the first fishing maps in Chinese history. Together with other exhibits, they were taken on a French ship to Milan by the Chinese delegation. It showcased that China, though a weak country at that time, was aware of its fishing and maritime rights.