大数据与政府社会管理职能转型

Big Data and the Transformation of Government’s Social Management Functions

政府的社会管理职能及其转型,是实现政府治理现代化过程中的一个基本且重大的现实问题。随着经济社会发展的多维度、复杂性和不确定性日益增加,社会管理职能转型的任务和压力不断增大。大数据的加速发展也给这种转型带来一些新要求和挑战。从社会管理职能真正转型到社会治理,至少需要治理主体、治理方式、治理结构、治理效果评估等要素的改革或转变。而大数据技术目前作为治理方式和工具,不能同时满足向社会治理转型的多元目标。由此,为实现向社会治理转型,政府除了要运用好大数据技术维度上的优势,更重要的还需要理念与认知转变、法律制度完善和权力结构体系改革等配套条件。

The transformation of government s social functions is a fundamental and significant practical issue for governance modernization.The tasks and pressures of this transformation continue to grow along with the increasing multidimensional complexity and uncertainty of economic and social development.The accelerated development of big data also brings some new requirements and challenges to this transformation.The transition from social management function to social governance requires reforms of at least four factors,including governance actors,governance tools,governance structure and governance effectiveness assessment.However,big data technology cannot meet multiple objectives of the transition.Therefore,in order to realize the transformation to social governance,the government should not only make good use of the advantages in the technological dimension of big data,but also need the supporting conditions such as the change of concept and cognition,the improvement of legal system and the reform of power structure.