需求层次视角的城镇特色意象整治评估与优化策略研究——以浙江省小城镇环境综合整治行动计划为例

Research on the Evaluation and Optimization Strategy of Urban Characteristics Reconstruction from the Perspective of Demand Level:A Case Study of Comprehensive Environmental Reconstruction Action Plan of Small Towns in Zhejiang

城镇特色风貌是城镇发展的重要外在物质表现,也是地域文化和特征的核心空间载体。本文从需求层次视角探究浙江省小城镇特色意象环境综合整治绩效,以满足不同层次需求为目标,弓I入城市意象理论,从节点、标志物、道路、边界和区域五个维度构建多层次评价指标体系,并选取浙江省典型的小城镇整治项目进行评估。研究表明:浙江省小城镇环境综合整治行动在营造地域特色的入□景观和特色标志物、整治优化道路系统和改善区域风貌等方面绩效显著,而边界维护方面相对不足。基于国际案例对比,提出小城镇特色意象整治优化策略:深入挖掘自然与人文特色,并进行空间化、具象化和故事化;综合多维度评估小镇发展条件,力求整治定位特色化、精准化;特色风貌构建要融入产业内涵,经济特色显化于空间景观形态;整治行动量力而行,充分利用有限资源,科学把握整治力度和效果。最终得到对全国其他地区的小城镇整治的启示:根据需求层次理论,小城镇的环境整治首先要满足最低层次的生理和安全需求,即补齐基础设施和公共服务设施的短板;然后,再考虑更高的章重和自我实现需求,进一步从五态(业态、形态、文态、生态和社态)融合的角度进行提升优化。

The characteristics of a town are the important external material expression of the town development, as well as the core space carrier of regional culture and characteristics. This paper explores the comprehensive improvement performance of small town characteristic in Zhejiang province from the perspective of demand level, and meets the needs of different levels. It introduces urban imagery theory and constructs multi-level evaluation index system from five dimensions: node, marker, road, boundary and region. The typical small towns' reconstruction projects in Zhejiang province were selected for evaluation. The research shows that the comprehensive environmental reconstruction actions of small towns in Zhejiang province have achieved remarkable performance in the construction of regional characteristic entrance landscapes and characteristic markers, reconstruction and optimization of road systems and improvement of regional features, while border maintenance is relatively insufficient. Based on the comparison of international cases, the optimization strategy of image reconstruction in small towns is obtained. The construction of the style should be integrated into the industrial connotation, and the economic characteristics should be manifested in the spatial landscape form;the reconstruction actions should be carried out within our capabilities, and the limited resources should be fully utilized to scientifically grasp the reconstruction efforts and effects. In the end, it is enlightened by the reconstruction of small towns in other parts of the country: according to the theory of demand hierarchy, the environmental reconstruction of small towns must first meet the minimum level of physiological and security needs, that is, to fill in the shortcomings of infrastructure and public service facilities. Given higher respect and self-fulfilling needs, we will further enhance and optimize from the perspective of the integration of five states (format, form, style, ecology and social).